Control means a quite few things (gather information about facts and results; analyze and make conclusions; make recommendations…), that can be summarize in two aspects: testing and learning. All consists, one way or another, of the management tools”.


ü A general plan or strategy to frame the duties of the manager
ü Job descriptions or function manuals which show who is who and what he does
ü Evaluation systems and procedures and compensation (or incentives) that motivate the manager, combining his/her personal objectives (not only monetary) and the company goals
ü A budgeting system or operative planning, also called “plans, programs and budget”
ü An information system to sustain control